Proceeding International Conference Khairun University
Scientific meetings and discussions among academics are the basic characteristics of global higher education. Development of the field of study and quality of knowledge can be achieved best through knowledge exchange and research collaboration between scientists, both at the national and global levels. With the activities of the 2nd International Conference Khairun University (IConKU 2024) it becomes a forum for exploring ideas and plans for research collaboration between participants. With the scope of Economy, Law, Fisheries, Agriculture, Education, Health, Environment, Culture, Engineering, Social, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Mathematics. The implementation of IConKU 2024 has five specific objectives, as follows: 1) Providing a scientific forum for the exchange of scientific data and information across scientific fields about the North Maluku Islands which is open to all global scientists. 2) Increasing the quantity and quality of publications of research results from scientists at Khairun University and other universities in North Maluku. 3) Building communication and exploring research collaboration between scientists at Khairun University and other North Maluku universities and national and global scientists. 4) Contribute scientific data and information to strengthen the sustainable development of North Maluku Province. 5) Strengthen the scientific identity of the North Maluku Islands in the national and global academic world.Held at Khairun University Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia, 27-28 May 2024
The Identification of Salmonella SP on Food Preparations (Seasoning and Rakik Chips) in Padang City
The research aims to evaluate if the findings of microbiological testing on seasoning samples and rakik chips in Padang City comply with the provisions of SNI 01-4473-1998. Salmnolla sp. identification test in food utilizing the scratch method and a loop needle. The work procedure begins with (a) the sterilization of tools and materials. Glassware such as petri dishes, Erlenmeyer flasks, beakers, measuring cups, and test tubes are wrapped in paper before being sterilized in an oven at 180°C for 2 hours. Non-heat resistant instruments are sanitized with 70% alcohol, whereas metal tools, such as needles, are sterilized by burning them until they become red. (b) Media Creation includes RVS Media, MKTTn Media, BPLS Media, XLD Media, and BPW Creation. The next steps involve sample testing (preparation), sample homogenization, enrichment, isolation and inoculation, and confirmation. Confirmation tests are performed using traditional biochemical testing, as follows: (a) A microscopic examination. (b)Ui IMViC, serological test, and biochemical test using API 20E or RapID ONE kit or kit. Other relevant identification is carried out in accordance with the instructions in the kit. Microbiological testing on seasoning samples and rakik chips with Salmonella sp identification yielded negative results/25 g. The test results obtained using the test settings met the requirements outlined in SNI 01-4473-1998..
identification, salmonella, seasoning, Rakik chips, food
Copyright (c) 2024 ketut budiarga, Eddwina Aidila Fitria, Susilawati Susilawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Welfare Level of well-being Community the Fish Landing Base (PPI) Tanjung Limau City of Bontang
Bontang City has a strategic area with considerable fisheries potential. The existence of the Tanjung Limau Fish Landing Base in Bontang City is expected to contribute to improving the welfare of the surrounding community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of community welfare around the Tanjung Limau PPI in Bontang City. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method with a total of 60 respondents, consisting of fishermen and the general public. The data were analyzed using the welfare level method based on the 2016 Central Statistics Agency. The results showed that 95% or 58 respondents had a welfare level with high criteria while the remaining 5% or 2 people had a welfare level in the medium category.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Iqbal, Helminuddin Helminuddin, Wahyu Fahrizal, Fitriyana Fitriyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis Of Fishermen'S Enterprises Gondrong Net In Bontang City East Kalimantan Indonesia
The sea in Bontang City is wider than the land. It is therefore logical that the output of fishing is dominated by marine fishing. Bontang City fishermen who use Gondrong Nets catch devices 147 fisherman with 147 units catch equipment Based on the analysis of gondrong nets catching devices enterprise produced NPV value of Rs. 184.512.787, gondrongo nets IRR of 223%, payback period for 6 months, R/C > 1.3 and net income of fishing catch gondrongi nets annually in Bontong City is an average of Rs.68.266.784,- /respondent, with an average income of Rs.55.377.243, / year/responden
business analysis, Fisherman, Gondrong Net
Copyright (c) 2024 Ardiansyah Ardiansyah, Said Abdusysyahid, Juliani Juliani, Hamdhani Hamdhani, Elly Purnamasari, Fitriyana Fitriyana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Values in The Bissu Ceremony: Strengthening the Identity of South Sulawesi People
The objective of this research is to reveal and to explain the development of Sere Bissu occurring estimatedly at the same time with atturioloang religion originating from lagaligo, i.e., prehistoric era. When Islam arrived and led in South Sulawesi religion in the beginning of 17th century, the role of bissu experienced degradation, because the process of Sere Bissu formation is always started from the behavior of bissu as a single authority. In the next development process, Sere Bissu also experiences functional transformation, i.e., it becomes traditional ritual, and this function has developed up to the present. Nowadays, the from of Sere Bissu becomes the continuation of the past ritual which is not free from the context of socio-cultural of its proponent. To prove the truth of this fact, a wide and comprehensive observation about Serre Bissu is needed, because it seems that the traditional ritual has absorbed various aspects of tis bacground. Therefore, historical, sociological, anthropological, and artistic approaches are needed to deal with the topic in order to explain and solve the problem. In traditional athority system of Bugis Makassar, a King is not a power, he merely becomes the executive of the power. The real power is arajang, i.e., something given by Gods, a sacred, divine material created as the “spirit of power”. These materials are carefully kept by a certain man called bissu. Bissu (hermaprodite) is a chosen man who owns supranatural power. Therefore, bissu should be a holy man and physically he owns both elements in his body. This is important because he acts as a mediator between heaven (man) and earth (woman) power. It is by this extra power that the social function of bissu is not only limited as the servant ofarajang, but also known as a shaman and the leader of traditional ritual in Mappaliliceremony. Sere Bissu, a part of Mappalili ceremony conducted by bissu, is a from of totally self-surrending to the Creator. Therefore, it is strongly guessed that its big value contained in the role and function of bissu in its proponent makes Sere Bissu survive in South Sulawesi Indonesian Community, especially in the region of Segeri Mandalle, Pangkajene Kepulauan (Pangkep) Regency.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurlina Syahrir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Unemployment Concentration and Its Determinants In Java island Provinces In 2008-2022
The study aims to analyze the unemployment concentration in the provinces of Java from 2008 to 2022, as well as the influence of population growth, provincial minimum wages, economic growth, and industrial volume on the unemployed concentration of the province of Java between 2008 and 2022. The data used in this study are secondary data published by the Central Statistical Agency. The study uses cross sections of six provinces with time series of 2008-2022. The method used in this study is a concentration index to calculate unemployment concentration and panel data regression to determine the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. The results of this study show that the provinces of DKI Jakarta, West Java, and Banten have a greater than national role in unemployment issues and become the unemployed base provinces in Java Island. Panel data regression results show that population growth variables have a positive and significant influence on the population concentration, provincial minimum wage variables and economic growth have a negative and significant impact on the unemployee concentration.
Mohammad Rizki Novrian Romadhon Syahputra
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammad Rizki Novrian Romadhon Syahputra, Sri Rahayu Budi Hastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Health Belief Model in Incidence of Low Birth Weight Babies: A Bibliometric Analysis
LBW babies is defined by WHO as birth weight of less than 2500 grams regardless of gestational age, having adverse consequences on infant survival as well as physical and cognitive development. HBM is considered very suitable to be applied to pregnant women to reduce prevalence of LBW babies because it is based on maternal beliefs or beliefs about behaviors that can make mother herself not want baby born with LBW. The aim of study was to analyze how study on implementation of HBM on incidence of LBW babies and its trends and to find out what topics can be used as study variables in future. Study method is literature review using bibliometric analysis approach starting from defining keywords 'health belief model' and 'LBW babies' in Publish or Perish application with Google Scholar as database. Then results were narrowed down by selecting special topic on 'implementation of HBM on incidence of LBW babies', 65 related articles were obtained for review from 112 articles from the initial search results. Mendeley application was used to compile meta data and Vosviewer application was used to create research visualization trends. Results showed that classification of research on implementation of HBM on incidence of LBW babies in health sector was divided into seven clusters with topics centered on implementation of HBM on incidence of LBW babies. Themes related to implementation of HBM on incidence of LBW babies still require further research development because results of visualization analysis that two keywords have no research linkage.
Copyright (c) 2024 Septiana Juwita, Suwarto Suwarto, Ahmad Arman Subijanto, Sugihardjo Sugihardjo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Modern Canning Process of Squid Sauce with Ternate City MSMEs
Sambel squid is one of the traditional foods of North Maluku made from dried squid. This dish has a spicy and savory taste. So that this activity aims to carry out PKM Sambel Cumi with a Modern Canning Process with Asaompu Production Ternate MSMEs. Squid sambel products made by Asaompu Production Ternate MSMEs have been marketed in the form of bottle packaging and standing pouches. Simple packaging causes sambel squid products to not be stored for a long time. With the implementation of PKM activities, it has an impact on increasing added value and also competitive product innovation and encouraging business actors to develop other traditional food industries with modern canning systems. Squid sambel only lasts for approximately 1 week at room temperature and 1 month if stored in the refrigerator and if packaged in bottles and standing pouches can last 3-4 months. The solution to overcome this problem is to apply canning technology in the packaging of squid sambel . Canning food can extend the shelf life by up to 1 – 2 years. The shelf life of a product greatly affects the amount of production, sales, and distribution of a food product. So far, squid sambel products produced by Asaompu Production Ternate MSMEs can be marketed outside Ternate, increasing production volume, and increasing MSME income.
Copyright (c) 2024 hamid Hamidin Rasulu, Sri Utami, Yusnaini Yusnaini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Optimizing Sustainable Dryland Management for the Development of Shallots Through the Application of Good Agricultural Practices
Shallot are one of the leading commodities in Central Sulawesi because shallot are the raw material for making fried onion which are widely cultivated by people in the Palu Valley. The development of shallot in Central Sulawesi often faces problems, namely: limited availability of fertile land, implementation of cultivation systems that are not yet optimal because they do not follow good agricultural practice standards for dryland shallot cultivation and pest and disease attacks. The research aims to determine the soil processing system and effective fertilizer dosage as a reference in implementing good agricultural practices for the Palu Valley variety of shallot in dryland. The research was carried out at the shallot planting center in Sigi Regency using a Split Plot Design. The main plot is the height of the bed which consists of 3 levels, namely: S1 = 10 cm, S2 = 20 cm, and S3 = 30 cm. The subplot is the fertilizer dose which consists of 3 levels, namely: P0 = no fertilizer, P1 = inorganic fertilizer according to recommendations, P2 = organic fertilizer according to recommendations. The observation variables are the growth and yield of shallot. The research results showed that the height of the bed and the type of fertilizer applied had a significant effect on the growth and yield of shallot in all parameters except the number of shallot tillers. The 20 cm bed height treatment produced higher fresh weight per plant and yield per hectare compared to other bed heights, while the inorganic fertilizer type produced higher fresh weight per plant and yield per hectare compared to other types of fertilizer but was not significantly different from organic fertilizer.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Anjar Lasmini, Burhanuddin Haji Nasir, Idham Idham, Adam Malik, Samsurizal M Suleman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Creative Hair Craft Industry in Purbalingga: Microeconomic Perspective
Purbalingga, located in the Central Java Province, is renowned for its hair craft creative industry. Like many other businesses, it faced a decline in performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the profitability, efficiency, and consumption patterns of creative industry entrepreneurs in the hair craft sector before and during the pandemic. The analysis involved examining profit, the R/C ratio, and Average Propensity to Consume (APC). The sample was selected through purposive random sampling, with hair craft entrepreneurs as respondents. The findings revealed that, before the pandemic, the average monthly earnings for each hair craft entrepreneur were IDR 4.96 million. Some entrepreneurs even recorded profits ranging from IDR 500 thousand to IDR 25 million. However, during the pandemic, the average monthly loss per entrepreneur was IDR 305 thousand. While some managed to still earn up to IDR 4.5 million in profit, others experienced losses of up to IDR 400 thousand per month. Before the pandemic, the average R/C ratio for each entrepreneur was 1.6, indicating that revenue was 1.6 times greater than the costs incurred. However, during the pandemic, the average R/C ratio dropped below 1, specifically to 0.96, signifying that revenues were insufficient to cover the costs, indicating inefficiency. Regarding consumption patterns, it was observed that during the pandemic, nearly all entrepreneurs faced challenges, with only 1 percent exhibiting a low APC. In conclusion, the pandemic led to a decline in the performance of the hair craft creative industry in Purbalingga. Therefore, comprehensive support from various stakeholders is essential to sustain this creative industry as a leading sector.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agus Arifin, Rakhmat Priyono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Approach to the Preservation of Adat Village (Kampung Adat) in Koto Gasib Sub-district, Siak Regency, Riau Province
Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution states that “The division of the territory of Indonesia into large and small regions shall be prescribed by law in consideration of and with due regard to the principles of deliberation in the government system and the hereditary rights of special territories”. Koto Gasib is one of the districts in Siak Regency with a Malay background from the Gasib kingdom. The customs in the Kampung community in Koto Gasib are still alive and have the potential to be designated as a Customary Village. Currently, of the 11 (eleven) villages in Koto Gasib sub-district, only one has been designated as a traditional village. The purpose of this article is to conduct an inventory so that villages that have the potential to be designated as indigenous villages can become indigenous villages. This article uses a juridical sociological approach by examining how the implementation of legal rules related to the establishment of customary villages. the results of the research found are first, the people in the villages of Koto Gasib sub-district still carry out the customs originating from their ancestors. Secondly, there is no conflict between the customs that are carried out today and the development of society. Third, the unity of customary law communities and their traditional rights does not conflict with the principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Fourth, customary villages that have been established are not running properly due to a legal vacuum to organize customary village governments from 2015 until now. However, the villages in Koto Gasib sub-district have the potential to be designated as customary villages to preserve the customs of Koto Gasib, but the local government must first solve the problem of the current legal vacuum so that there is no stagnation in the governance of customary villages.
adat village, inventory, Koto Gasib sub-district, preservation, Siak Regency
Copyright (c) 2024 Evi Deliana, Muhammad A Rauf, Zainul Akmal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STATE EXAMINATION INSTRUMENTS 2015 YOGYAKARTA REGION PACKAGE 1, 2, 3
A good assessment is an assessment that meets the principles of assessment, namely: valid, objective, fair, integrated, open, comprehensive and sustainable, systematic, criteria-based, and accountable. The instrument must meet the requirements of substance, construction, and language, have evidence of validity, and reliability. In this study will be reviewed about the instruments that have been used for the UN in 2015 in Yogyakarta area. The study of instruments in this study includes the suitability of latent constructs, indicators of existing items. The purpose of preparing this instrument is to confirm the latent constructs or basic competencies with the items that have been tested in 2015, this research was conducted using secondary data, namely the 2015 national exam data in the form of responses or answers to student exam results in the Yogyakarta area. The steps taken in this study make indicators, difficulty levels and differentiation of items. content validation or AIKEN and confirm latent constructs and UN 2015 items using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) techniques. From the Reliability Estimation results, the largest contribution value to the latent variable seen from the CR value is latent variable B, which is equal to 0.9658 contribution, which indicates that the item for a latent variable (Competence) is a reliable indicator in measuring the latent change. The level of difficulty of the items in UN 2015 packages 1, 2 and 3 of Yogyakarta region is best in item no. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 16, 21, 38, 39, where the difficulty level value is at a moderate level and the differentiating power of 40 items has a good category all. there are 10 items with sufficient validation and 30 items with high validation, meaning that all items can be used again to make measurements. Based on the results of model fit testing, 5 criteria for model fit show good / fit while 3 criteria are not good / fit all loading factor values have a significant effect (unidimensional) on latent variables in first order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The largest contribution to the latent variable seen from the CR value is latent variable B, which is a contribution of 0.9658, which indicates that the item for a latent variable (Competence) is a reliable indicator in measuring the latent change.
Copyright (c) 2024 Aji Joko Budi Pramono, Muhlis Malaka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Reproductive Health Impacts of Child Marriage
Around 650 million girls in the world alive today are married before the age of 18, and Indonesia ranks 8th in the world. Child marriage is a violation of human rights and has many detrimental impacts on women, families, society and the country. The research aims to understand the impact of reproductive health on women who enter into child marriage This research used a qualitative phenomenological method which was carried out on 8 girls aged less than 18 years who had married religiously or according to state law. The research was conducted through in-depth interviews with informants consisting of girls, parents and companions from the Women's Crisis Centre and the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Service The results of this research illustrate very worrying facts, where these girls experience unwanted pregnancies, poor health during pregnancy, difficult births, difficult to breastfeed, unable care for babies and unable to continue their education. Psychologically they are very devastated, regretful and take a long time to get up Most of them get married because of free sex which results in pregnancy, religious understanding regarding behaviors that is allowed and not allowed, sexual education, individual maturity and the ability to refuse free sex are prevention efforts that must be carried out by families, schools and society. Support from various parties is needed so that they can get through this difficult time and be able to continue their lives better because they have rights like everyone else.
health reproductive, child marriage, women health
Copyright (c) 2024 Erika Agung Mulyaningsih, Ismi Dwi Astuti Nurhaeni, Sapja Anantanyu, Anik Lestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sensory Characteristics of Salted Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) with Different Salt Concentrations
Salted fish is a food product made from fish meat preserved by adding a significant amount of salt. One processed product from skipjack tuna is salted fish. This study aims to determine the sensory characteristics of salted skipjack tuna with the addition of different salt concentrations. This research method involved adding salt at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight/weight using the dry salting method. The fish were cleaned, gutted, butterflied, and sprinkled with coarse salt. The fish were then stored in a container for 24 hours and sun-dried, and 30 untrained panellists will conduct the sensory evaluation. The analysis method used was descriptive. The sensory analysis results with salt additions of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% showed appearance scores of 6.16, 6.54, 7.82, and 7.51; aroma scores of 5.84, 6.72, 7.77, and 7.34; taste scores of 5.84, 6.72, 8.09, and 7.21; and texture scores of 5.84, 7.18, 8.15, and 7.51, respectively. The salted skipjack tuna with the highest scores was achieved with 30% salt addition, with appearance, aroma, taste, and texture scores of 7.82, 8.15, 8.09, and 8.15, respectively. The results indicate that increasing salt concentration can enhance the sensory values of salted fish.
salted skipjack tuna, salt addition, sensory characteristics
Copyright (c) 2024 Yuliati H Sipahutar, Romauli J Napitupulu, Paulus PR Sitorus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bringing Food Culture from Archipelagic Area to Land-Based area: Case of a Restaurant in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
The restaurant industry in the city of Bandung is experiencing rapid growth, with a variety of culinary offerings, some are Nusantara archipelagic cuisine that mainly provide archipelagic food types and culture contexts. This paper aims at analyzing the lessons learned brought by food businessman with the background of experiencing most of Indonesian areas or also well-known called Nusantara archipelagic areas’ cuisines to open food business in Bandung, a land-based city in West Java. The approach used is qualitative method with an in-depth interview and case study approach for a restaurant located in a mall in Bandung. The research results show that the management of a restaurant providing Nusantara archipelagic-based cuisines business in Bandung in introducing the cuisines has considered several important aspects, namely location selection, restaurant design and concept, human resource management, marketing strategy, and financial management. Restaurant owners face challenges related to introducing various Nusantara Archipelagic food taste and adaptability, competition with local food, fluctuations in raw material prices, supply freshness and seasonality, and changes in consumer preferences, resilience and creativity, customer engagement and communication. However, they implement various strategies to maintain and develop their business, such as menu differentiation, the use of digital media, and innovation in the processing of typical Nusantara Archipelagic cuisine. This paper sheds light on knowledge transfer dynamics in archipelagic country like Indonesia, emphasizing practical strategies for enhancing food business/restaurant management across diverse settings
Food Culture, Eastern Indonesia, Land-based Restaurant, Sustainability
Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Fatimah, Hepi Hapsari, Sulistyodewi Nur Wiyono, Eka Purna Yudha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analyzing The Chemical Composition of Cold Stored Traditional Fish Floss from Ambon City
Fish floss is a manufactured fish product composed of fish meat along with other components, including oil, coconut milk, and spices. This composition makes it delicate and prone to damage when exposed to air. The purpose of cold storage of fish floss is to prevent its deterioration. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of traditional fish floss that has been preserved at low temperatures for 30 days. The methodology employed involved conducting laboratory analysis of two conventional fish floss products sourced from Ambon City: AL floss and HB floss. Prior to and following storage, the chemical composition of the fish floss was examined, including water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, acid-insoluble ash, and crude fiber. The findings indicated a decline in water and protein concentrations, whereas the amounts of fat and acid-insoluble ash increased. The ash content showed a rise in AL floss, while it demonstrated a decrease in HB floss. The amount of crude fiber dropped in the AL floss but increased in the HB floss. The water, ash, protein, and fat levels of the fish floss remained within the acceptable range for the fish floss quality criteria, even after storage. Kecywords: Fish floss, crude fiber, Traditional, Cold Stored
Copyright (c) 2024 Vonda Milca Nightingale Lalopua, Sukisman Abdul Halid, Alfonsina Martina Tapotubun, Edir Lokollo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Dish Washing Techniques on Colony Count of Cutleries in Food (Coto) Stall in Ternate
There were two food poisoning incidences in 2023 in Ternate City. The presence of germs, can cause illness and even poisoning. Microbial load on cutleries could be caused by improper dish washing. This study looked into the food maker's dishwashing practice and the microbiological load in the cutlery in the food stall that offers Coto, a specialty dish from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This was a descriptive study, a total of nine cutleries including spoons, glasses and bowls were collected from 3 food stalls. Microbial load was measured by using Total Plate Count (TPC) method and washing utensils practice were collected by doing observation on food stall. The study resulted that the average of colony in bowls of the food stall 1 was 4362, food stall 2 was 4014 and food stall 3 was 1683. In food stall 1, the average colony of the glasses was 4014; in food stall 2, it was 4666; and in food stall 3, it was 1683. The mean colony of the spoons was 2615 at food stall 1, 4056 in food stall 2, and 1853 in food stall 3. The food stall staff was not present to demonstrate the correct technique for cleaning utensils. It can be concluded that the microbial count in all samples above the threshold level, which is 100 colonies/cm2, and that inadequately cleaned utensils are the cause of microbial existence.
Cutleries, dishwashing, microbial load, total plate count
Copyright (c) 2024 Sakriani Sakriani, Aulia Melinda, Purnama Sidebang, Idayani Sangadjisowohy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Potential of Organic Waste Management Using Black Soldier Fly for Alternative Fish Feed in Ternate, North Maluku
Society improvement has an effect on increasing the amount of waste. This also has an effect on increasing the need for animal protein consumption such as fish. There is a need to apply technology and scientific developments to overcome this problem. Cultivating BSF larvae by utilizing household organic waste can be a fast and appropriate solution. Managing organic waste with BSF larvae has a positive impact on the environment. This research aims to identify the potential of household organic waste for cultivating BSF larvae as raw material for making fish feed. The research results show that the amount of organic waste produced from household consumption in Ternate has great potential for BSF larvae cultivation, reaching 12 kg per day. BSF larvae’s growth also shows good characteristics. The average of BSF larvae biomass weight after observation among 15 day shows B1 is 4.6 g and B2 is 4.1 g. it can be concluded that the potential for cultivating BSF larvae for fish feed in Ternate is very good for development
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurfadhilah Arif, Sabaruddin, Muh. Hidayah, Tri Laela Wulandari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Well Water Quality in Ngofabubawa Village, Malifut District, North Halmahera Regency
Well water is one of the sources of clean water that is widely used by people in rural areas. However, the quality of well water can be affected by various factors, so it is necessary to monitor and evaluate it periodically. This study aims to analyze the quality of well water in Ngofabubawa Village based on physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters, and compare it with previous research. The research methods used are field surveys and laboratory analysis. Well water samples were taken from 10 points in Ngofabubawa Village, then tested to determine the values of physical parameters (turbidity, color, odor), chemical (Fe), and microbiological (total E. coli). The results showed that the average level of turbidity of well water was 5.2 NTU, exceeding the set quality standards. The average iron (Fe) content is 0.8 mg/L, still below the quality standard. However, the total E. coli averaged 120 MPN/100mL, exceeding the permissible quality standards. There is an increase in microbiological contamination of well water in Ngofabubawa Village. This indicates the need for better sanitation and water treatment efforts to maintain well water quality and public health. Overall, the quality of well water in Ngofabubawa Village has not fully met the standard standards for clean water quality, so comprehensive management and improvement are needed Keywords: Quality, Well Water, Ngofabubawa Village
Copyright (c) 2024 ROSITA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Incubation Time on The Quality of Sexing Simmental Cattle Semen with The BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) Column Method
Simmental has the advantage of good reproduction and meat production. In addition, Simmental cow semen has a better viscosity level than other cow semen, so it can be used in spermatozoa sexing technology. One method of sex separation of bovine spermatozoa is the BSA column method which is able to produce 75-80% Y sperm. This study aims to determine the quality of fresh Simmental bovine semen (macroscopic and microscopic tests) and sexing (motility, viability and proportion tests). The results of the macroscopic test of Simmental cattle's fresh semen in general, the cement used in this study had good quality. The color of normal cow semen has a yellowish white color. The smell of cow semen has a distinctive smell. The volume of semen in this study was 6 ml, medium consistency, and pH 6.8. The results of the microscopic test had a mass movement of 2 (++), a motility of 70 and a concentration of 1650±259.81. The motility of the X spermatozoa sexing results, the best incubation time is 45 minutes, the motility is 55.00±5.00, while the motility of the Y spermatozoa sexing results is the best 30 minutes, the motility is 45.00±11.18. The viability of the sexed X spermatozoa was 54.85±10.25 with an incubation time of 45 minutes, while the best sexed Y spermatozoa was 32.6±13.98 with an incubation time of 30 minutes..
BSA, motility, simmental cattle, sperm sexing, viability
Copyright (c) 2024 Langgeng Priyanto, Herdis Herdis, Oktora Dwi Putranti, Santoso Santoso, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi, Tri Puji Priyatno, Rahma Isartina Anwar, Agung Budiyanto, Fais Azari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
PROVIDING LIQUID TOFU WASTE, RICE WASH, FRUIT AND EGG SHELLS CAN INCREASE TOMATO PLANT PRODUCTION IN DRY LANDS
Tomatoes are climbing plants. The aim is whether there are differences in vegetative, generative and productive growth at various concentrations with various waste applications. Tofu waste, rice water, fruit and egg shells are waste that encourage accelerated growth, flowering, fruiting, ripening, production and resistance to disease while reducing soil damage due to chemical fertilizers. This research uses RAK, namely 5 treatments, repetitions of 3 to 15 experiments. The results of various liquid wastes with different concentrations have a real influence on all plant height, primary, secondary, flower and fruit branch characteristics. Treatment of egg shell liquid waste with a dose of 1000 ml resulted in the best tomato production in all plant height observations 34.00 cm observed at 21 DAT, 44.00 cm observed at 28 DAP, 56.00 cm observed at 35 DAP, 71.00 cm observed at 42 DAP, 85.00 cm gain 49 HST, 83.00 cm observation 56 HST. The character of the number of primary branches obtained was 4 primary branches, 32 secondary branches, 25 flowers, 19 fruits in the first harvest, 21 in the second harvest, 20 in the third harvest, and the character weight was 92g in the first harvest, 73g for the second harvest and 99g for the third harvest.
Tomato plants, tofu liquid waste POC, rice water waste, fruit liquid waste, egg shell liquid waste, tomato production
Copyright (c) 2024 Sofyan Samad, Shubzan A. Mahmud, Helda Sabban https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Green Vegetation Density in increasing Thermal Comfort in Urban Environments Through Preventing Increases in Environmental Temperature: A Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, at Kapanewon Depok, Sleman
Green vegetation has many benefits in balancing nature. This research aims to see the relationship pattern between Green Vegetation Density (NDVI) and Urban Heat, and to see the Effect of Green Vegetation on Human Thermal Comfort. The research was carried out in 3 sub-districts in Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta making use of Landsat-8 satellite imagery and the remote sensing technology which is equipped with measurements of microclimate elements in the field for calculating Thermal Comfort and also completed with Correlation-Regression analysis. Based on the results, a pattern was obtained that locations that have a high level of Vegetation Density will have a low Urban Temperature, whereas locations that have a low level of Vegetation Density or non-Vegetation will have High urban temperatures, and it was found that all correlations were positive with the highest order being the Caturtunggal Zone with an r value of 0.7 with a correlation level of 0.4901 (49.01%), then in second place namely the Condongcatur Zone, namely with The r value is 0.6998 with a correlation level of 0.4897 (48.97%) and the last is the Maguwoharjo Zone, namely with an r value of 0.1555 with a correlation level of 0.0242 (2.42%). It is concluded that Green Vegetation is anti-urban heat and protects Thermal Comfort. NDVI prevents Temperature increase
Copyright (c) 2024 Rembanang Anindita, Edhi Martono, Emilya Nurjani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategy Development Of Agroforestry at Campus IV Khairun University, Bangko Hamlet, West Halmahera Regency
This study aims to evaluate agroforestry development in Campus IV of Khairun University, Bangko Hamlet, West Halmahera. This research used SWOT analysis. The results of the study show that the potential for agroforestry development on this campus was is a large area of land and a variety of crops that can be planted. However, the main challenge is a lack of understanding of the benefits of agroforestry and suboptimal plant care. SWOT analysis shows that effective development strategies should take advantage of opportunities such as high market demand for agroforestry products and minimize threats such as climate change. Therefore, agroforestry development efforts on this campus need to focus on education, training, and cooperation with relevant stakeholders.
Agroforestry, Development, Strategy, West Halmahera
Copyright (c) 2024 Mahdi Tamrin, Firlawanti Lestari Baguna, Abdul Kadir Kamaluddin, Fadila Tamnge, Putri Yanti M Hi Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Mangosteen Peel Extract Concentration as a Corrosion Inhibitor on Low Carbon Steel in NaCl Media
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mangosteen peel extract as a corrosion inhibitor on low carbon steel in a NaCl environment. Corrosion of low carbon steel is a significant issue in the industry, especially in chloride-containing environments. The weight loss method was used to measure the corrosion rate, while the form of corrosion was examined using the photomacro method with a digital microscope. The research was conducted by immersing low carbon steel specimens in a NaCl solution. The experimental research method involved corrosion testing on mild steel plates in a NaCl 3% solution with varying concentrations of mangosteen peel extract (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm). The results show that the mangosteen peel extract is effective in reducing the corrosion rate, with a concentration of 200 ppm showing the highest inhibition efficiency. Analysis indicates an increase in corrosion resistance, suggesting the formation of a protective layer by the extract on the steel surface. The conclusion of this study is that mangosteen peel extract has potential as an environmentally friendly and effective corrosion inhibitor for the protection of low carbon steel in chloride-containing media. Further research is recommended to optimize the formulation and application of the extract on an industrial scale.
mangosteen peel, corrosion, inhibitor, low carbon steel
Copyright (c) 2024 Rudi Hartono, Witono Hardi , Iwan Gunawan , Utdin Furqon A, Amat Umron https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Value of Local Wisdom as an Implementation of Character Education for Pancasila Students in the Independent Curriculum
The essence of character education in the context of education in Indonesia is values ​​education, namely education of noble values ​​originating from the culture of the Indonesian nation itself, in order to develop the personality of the younger generation. One form of implementation of the Merdeka curriculum is a learning program that is guided by Pancasila values ​​which was later named the Pancasila Student Profile. This consists of an independent learning program through the Pancasila Student Profile based on Faith, Devotion to God Almighty and noble character, Global Diversity, Working Together. Collaborative, Creative, Critical Reasoning, and Independent. National character and identity are created because of the existence of various local cultures which have been proven to be able to make this nation more dignified. The motivation for exploring local wisdom is as a basis for rediscovering national identity which has shifted, if not to be said to have faded, from people's lives.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agustan Arifin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Influence of Cultivation Techniques on Oyster Mushroom Production in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Currently in Palangka Raya mushroom cultivation is increasing, and the more farmers are interested in doing so as the demand for mushroom products is still high and has not been met despite the decline from year to year. Differences in cultivation techniques at several stages will affect the yields of mushroom. The research was to determine the effect of cultivation techniques on oyster mushroom production at several mushroom farmers in Palangka Raya, it was carried out from March to April 2024. Observations and interviews were conducted to obtain information regarding data on land area, shelf mushrooms, humidity and temperature, watering, mushroom production, and other supporting data. Technical factors, technology for cultivating oyster mushrooms in Palangka Raya carried out by mushroom farmers are a). Providing additional nutrition once a week and watering the baglog will increase mushroom production one to two times than usual, b). Watering 2-3 times a day can reduce heat in the house and encourage mold growth. Strong motivation is one of the non-technical factors that can increase oyster mushroom production.
cultivation technique, oyster mushroom, mushroom production, Palangka Raya
Copyright (c) 2024 Yanetri Asi Nion, Untung Darung, Shella Agnessy Jullyta Winerungan, Fengky Florante Adji, Kamillah Kamillah, Evi Feronika Elbaar, Retno Agnestisia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
APPLICATION OF SEVERAL TYPES OF REFUGIA AND INTERCROPPING PATTERNS OF TOPO ONIONS, CHILI AND TOMATOES ON SUBOPTIMAL DRY LAND
Global warming can have an impact on the environment and plants. Prolonged global warming can increase drought, one of which is a lack of water, both in land and plants. Plants that experience drought can increase pest and disease attacks. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out research on the application of several types of refugia and intercroping patterns for topo onions, chilies and tomatoes on suboptimal dry land. The aim of this research is to find out how much influence the types of refugia have on top onion, chili and tomato plants in dry land. To determine the effect of the intercropping system on topo onions, chilies and tomatoes in dry land. The research was carried out in West Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province. The design used was a split plot design with three replications. The first factor, as the main plot, is the refugea consisting of R1: Aster Flowers and R2: Gemitir Flowers (chicken taek). The second factor is a subplot consisting of I1: Topo onions, I2: Chilies and I3: Tomatoes. The morphological variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruit, fruit diameter and fruit weight. Data were analyzed using SAS, if there was a significant effect, it was continued using the Duncan test at the 5% level. The results of the research showed that the use of refugia plants, both R1 and R2, significantly affected plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruit, fruit diameter and fruit weight compared to plants that did not use refugea treatment. Plants using the intercropping system provided by refugea plants can increase crop production and reduce pest attacks. This shows that dry land can be used as competent agricultural land.
Refugea, intercropping, Topo Onions, Chilies, Tomatoes
Copyright (c) 2024 Sartika Syafi, Hayun Abdullah, Sofyan Samad, Sri Soenarsih DAS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Oocyte Division in IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) with Cauda Epididymis Sperm of Bali Cattles
This study aimed to investigate the fertilization rate of oocytes using sperm from the cauda epididymis of Bali cattle until cleavage. The research spanned 10 months, involving various stages conducted at different facilities. Testicular samples were obtained from the Cibinong Slaughterhouse, followed by freezing of epididymal sperm at the Reproductive Rehabilitation Unit laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural Institute. Post-thaw analysis of frozen sperm was performed at the Reproduction, Breeding, and Animal Cell Culture facilities of the LIPI Cibinong Biotechnology Research Center. At the same time, the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process took place at the Cipelang Bogor Livestock Embryo Center. The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the fertility of cauda epididymal sperm post-thawing, specifically evaluating the impact of caffeine supplementation on the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The methodology involved collecting cauda epididymal sperm at the slaughterhouse, with subsequent analysis of sperm quality after thawing by adding different concentrations of caffeine (T0: 0 mg/ml, T2: 2 mg/ml, T4: 4 mg/ml, T6: 6 mg/ml) in four replicates. The key parameter examined was the fertility of cauda epididymal sperm using the IVF technique. The experimental design utilized a one-way Completely Randomized Design (CRD), followed by Tukey-W-Procedure testing using SPSS 16. The findings revealed that the fertility of cauda epididymal sperm at concentrations T2 and T4 was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to T0 and T6. Consequently, the study concluded that the addition of 4 mg/ml caffeine to thawed cauda epididymal sperm resulted in a 37.50% success rate in the IVF process and a 10% cleavage rate of oocytes in Bali cattle.
cauda epididymis, oocyte division, fertility, IVF
Copyright (c) 2024 Oktora Dwi Putranti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Melanosis Rate of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Stored at Room Temperature Harvested from Intensive and Traditional Ponds in Serang, Banten Province
This research aims to differentiate melanosis rate of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) stored at room temperature harvested from intensive and traditional ponds. Fresh vannamei used as sample harvested from an intensive and traditional ponds in Serang. This Research carried out for 10 hours at room temperature using randomized block design method with treatment duration of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours in cold box to differentiate melanosis level of freshly harvested vannamei. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test, for data with significant differences, followed by HSD test. Melanosis test were performed using melanosis score sheet tested by 12 standard panelists, whereas for test of freshness, it analyzed using pH and TVB test. Observations during the study, as well as the results of the analysis showed that different storage time treatment produced significant differences. Melanosis starts after 4 hours in storage for shrimp harvested from intensive ponds, whereas shrimp harvested from traditional ponds starts after 6 hours. The result of freshness from intensive and traditional ponds showed pH 8.61 and 7.2, while TVB showed 32.96 mgN/g and 25.5 mgN/g, respectively. Suggesting that the melanosis rate in shrimp harvested from intensive ponds is faster compared to the traditional one.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yuliati H Sipahutar, Paulus PR Sitorus https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SUCCESSION POST LAND FIRE IN MARE ISLAND TIDORE ISLANDS CITY
The forest and land fires on Mare Island, Tidore Islands City, were quite large due to the area's existing conditions, most of which were covered with flammable vegetation. Forest and land fires in this area have occurred repeatedly from 2016, 2019 to 2023. Fires cause losses in the form of loss of initial vegetation and various nutrients in the soil and also disrupt people's health. The island city of Tidore, in this case, Mare Island, is one of the areas included in the forest and land restoration priority by the North Maluku Provincial Forestry Service. This research aims to determine the form of fire, factors causing fire, and post-fire succession. The research method uses a direct survey of land-using farmers to obtain an overview of post-fire succession, and data collection uses a questionnaire filled out by people whose land experienced fire, totaling 124 respondents. The results of filling out the questionnaire were then analyzed using the percentage test (%), presented in table form, and narrated. The research results showed the answers from 124 respondents regarding the characteristics of fires on Mare Island, where all respondents answered that the fire forms were surface and canopy fires. Factors that influence fires include lack of water vapor in the air, lack of rainwater and water content in forests and land, and minimal water availability in the soil. This condition results in the land becoming dry and flammable. The impact of forest and land fires is the occurrence of secondary succession, where the initial plant types are largely replaced by new plant types that are different from the initial plants.
Secondary Succession, Land Fire, Mare Island
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdulrasyid Tolangara, Rusman Rasyid, Zulkifli Ahmad, Hasna Ahmad, Mahyono Hasanudin, Ummi Kalsum Alting https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Wife's Permission as a Polygamy Requirement in The Perspective of Islamic Law and Positive Law
The four schools of Islamic jurisprudence do not consider the wife's permission as a requirement for polygamy. Muslim countries around the world also do not explicitly mention the wife's permission as a condition for polygamy. However, the Compilation of Islamic Law and Marriage Law in Indonesia mandates the prior permission of the wife as a requirement for polygamy. Therefore, wife’s permission as a polygamy requirement in Indonesia is a requirement that stems from the process of ijtihad by Indonesian scholars, utilizing relevant theories adjusted to the social and cultural structure of Indonesia. This research is a literature study using a normative juridical approach. It is a qualitative study analysing, explaining, elaborating, and revealing research findings. The data collection technique used is a literature review. The analysis employed is the theory of saddu al-zariah wa fathuha, which prohibits all means leading to something prohibited and necessitates all means leading to something required. This research concludes that based on the analysis of saddu al-zariah wa fathuha, the wife's permission in polygamy can change its status from an administrative requirement (syurut al-kamal) to a valid requirement (syurut al-sihhah). This is because polygamy without the wife's permission in Indonesia can lead to successive harms (mudarat) to the rights of the wife and children. Conversely, making the wife's permission a condition for polygamy fulfils the means to achieve justice in polygamy. Making the wife's permission a condition for polygamy is implementing the command to safeguard and protect the rights of the wife and children referred to as al-ahl in the Qur'an. This research is expected to convince the global community that the requirement of the wife's permission in polygamy applied in Indonesia is in line with the social and cultural structure of Indonesia, thus the resulting ijtihad is also in accordance with the proper principles of ijtihad.
Polygamy, Wife’s Permission, Saddu al-Zariah wa Fathuha
Copyright (c) 2024 Harwis Harwis, Nursinita Killian, Husna Husna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0